20 Essential Mudras

of Tirumalai Krishnamacharya

Oct. 6, 2019

20 Essential Mudras by T. Krishnamacharya

Filtered from:

Yoga Makaranda: The Nectar of Yoga by Tirumalai Krishnamacharya
Krishnamacharya: His Life and Teachings by AG Mohan

Mudras
Mudras are energy seals in that they retain vital energies - prana (from the breath) and bindu (from the semen). The classical sources for the mudras in yoga are two medieval texts, the Gheranda Samhita and the Hatha Yoga Pradipika. Mudras are essential because they help in the attainment of liberation (Moksha).

Mudras vs. Bandhas
By definition, mudra is an energy seal and a bandha is an energy lock, achieved by contracting two opposing muscles on a joint. What's the difference? Honestly, despite my research, it's not clear and even confusing. In theory, bandhas and mudras redirect energy (prana) inwards instead of flowing out through the vayus, into the sensory organs (eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin) to experience the external world. But then, what's the difference between a lock and a seal? When doing a Mula Bandha, you are sealing the energy from leaking to the anus and pushing it up. So, it's more of a energy seal but a physical lock. I'm confused. At any rate, perhaps it's not that important to distinguish the difference between the two as long as you do both properly when required.

It is now apparent that certain bandhas/asanas or gestures are so essential that they are also categorized as mudra. And T. Krishnamacharya has identified these 20 essential mudras as a preparation for the more advanced practice of prayama.

Types of Mudras
When mudra is mentioned, hand and finger positions come to mind. But that is only one of its many forms. The other mudras are not as widely written about or regarded as such, but because they perform other essential functions and give special benefits, they are regarded as mudra as well. They are as follows:

Hasta Mudra - hand and finger positions
Mana Mudra - head
Kaya Mudra - postural. Certain asanas, like Sirsasana, are considered special and play the role of mudra as well - breathing should be very slow and deep - about 2 breaths/minute for 12 minutes (headstand for 12 minutes?).
Bandha Mudra - lock
Adhara Mudra - perineal. Performed on the pelvic floor area (seated) and often relate to activating sexual energy

Why These Mudras are Important

Vayu (wind) - to keep the 10 vayus moving in their respective nadis (energy channels) and have them perform their functions
Disease - to prevent disease from forming in the body
Sushumna (main energy channel) - to arouse the Kundalini Shakti by redirecting prana vayu to the Sushumna nadi, and maintained in the Bhramarandhram (opening in the crown of the head; the ending point of sushumna nadi)
Gaze - to keep the gaze from wavering and to have it fixed in one spot

20 Mudras

Freedom from 84,000 Diseases
If the foregoing mudras are practiced according to one's capacity and strength, diseases of respiration, coughing, spleen and bladder will be cured. 84,000 ailments from these disorders will be prevented. Super human strength is achieved and untimely death is avoided. More importantly, prana vayu goes into the sushumna for a one-pointed gaze and thought. It is important to be established in the 20 mudras before pranayama practice (hmmm...makes sense. You need to clear the roads first before allowing passage to important vehicles).

9 Bandhas
A bandha is essentially contracting opposing muscles around a joint. Even though most are familiar with the Mula, Uddiyana and Jalandhara Bandha, there are 6 more. Altogether, they are as follows:

kulpha bandha - ankle joint complex
janu bandha - knee joint complex
kati bandha - hip joint complex
mula bandha - lumbar spine joint complex
uddiyana bandha - chest and thoracic spine joint complex
jalandhara bandha - cervical spine joint complex
amsa bandha - shoulder joint complex
kurpara bandha - elbow joint complex
mani bandha - wrist joint complex

one-fist handstand for Mani Bandha

Course of Action
For my practice, I will read-up, perform, and write about these 20 mudras. Once I complete them, I will put my knowledge and experience to the test by holding a workshop on these 20 mudras - at least that's the plan.

Ending Thoughts
(Nov 26, 2019) I started out doing the mudras Oct. 6. It took me nearly 2 months to do them all. Some I couldn't do yet like Pasini Mudra as I cannot wrap both legs behind my neck. But Khecari Mudra I will not do. I simply find it too extreme to cut my frenulum for marginal bliss gain. Some I haven't done yet as I need to be in the river or lake. Some mudras overlap and not really that mutually exclusive - like Maha Bandha Mudra covers Mula Bandha Mudra, Uddiyana Bandha Mudra and Jalandhara Bandha Mudra. But for the most part of the mudras, the overlying theme is to go into Bahya Kumbhaka and engage the 3 main bandhas. But while doing that, whatever is left free can also be activated - like the tongue for Nabho Mudra, the hands for Gyana Mudra, etc.

Overall, I will default to 2 "sits". One is Sankalpa Mudra for manifestation since I am hacking my biology at this point - growing new teeth, reversing the ageing of the eyes and growing black hair. Of course I do this in padmasana, inhaling with focus on the hand mudra and chanting OM on the exhale. The 2nd sit is the Tataka Mudra combined with Surya Pradarshini Mudra to enhance my eyesight.

Altogether, pursuing this the past 2 months has really deepened my practice. Not only that, my daily 20 minutes of mudra practice paved the way for another 20 minutes of Vipassana sit. Maybe something just clicks along the way. Maybe I awaken the Kundalini Shakti and pushes prana vayu into sushumna for that journey into samadhi. But of course, no expectation.

--- Gigit (TheLoneRider)
YOGA by Gigit | Learn English | Travel like a Nomad | Donation Bank

Chiang Mai, Thailand

IMPORTANT PLACES

Bus Station

Train Station

Chiang Mai International Airport

Nong Buak Hard Park - free yoga classes daily

HOTEL

Arun Dara Villa - 7 exclusive rooms, 1 swimming pool for every room, grand opening

Nawa Sheeva Hotel - big rooms, high ceiling, salt-water pool, restaurant, cafe

Nawa Saraan Hotel - low density (4 spacious rooms), stone garden setting, Koi fish pond, Old City location

Arun Suite - 3 bedrooms in a 3-storie guesthouse within Old City, ideal for families

RESTAURANT

La Pizza Chiang Mai - Italian pizza, pasta, wine, dessert, coffee

Natural Bird Nest by Burapa - authentic bird's nest soup

WELLNESS

ITM - International Training Massage School - Chiang Mai's most prestigious massage school

Float Chiang Mai - sensory deprivation float pod

Zira Spa - upscale authentic Thai massage and spa treatment

MOTORBIKE RENTAL

Tawan Bike - motorcycle rental | +66 91 635 2863 | Si Phum, Mueang Chiang Mai District, Chiang Mai 50200

USEFUL INFORMATION

Chiang Mai FYI / Tips

crop-burning season in Chiang Mai is between late Feb to early April. But laws change everytime. This year, 2019, there is a 61-day ban on burning so the farmers started burning early. When my plane was approaching Chiang Mai on Jan 24, 2019, there was already a thick blanket of smog covering the entire city (and beyond). But within the city itself, you won't feel it (but that doesn't mean the air is healthy). To monitor air conditions in real time, refer to site: Chiang Mai Air Pollution: Real-time Air Quality Index (AQI)
hot season begins March and lasts until June
wet season begins July and lasts until September
best time to visit Chiang Mai is mid-September to mid-February - after the monsoon and before the burning
you have to try Khao Soi, this is north Thailand's culinary staple
the tourist area where most of the hotels, restaurants, ticket offices, tour operators are, is located in the Old City
to exchange your dollars to Thai Baht, the Super Rich Money Exchange give the best rates. There are many branches scattered around Chiang Mai
get a red cab (songthao) outside the train station for Baht 50 (instead of paying B100 if inside the train station) to Old City - if you haggle nicely enough...I did!
shared red taxi (songthao) - B30 standard fare plying all over Old City
for only B50/day, best to rent a bike to go around the Old City - it's a 2.5km² with lots to discover
FREE daily yoga classes from 9:00am to 10:15am at Nong Buak Hard Park (southwest corner of Old City). Resident and passing-through teachers take turns conducting yoga classes.

Blues/Jazz Bars in Chiang Mai

North Gate Pub - at Chang Phueg Gate, great Tuesday jam session, Blues on Sundays by the 11pm band
Taphae East - 88 Thapae Rd. (just north of Night Bazaar). Fridays at 9:30pm by Chiang Mai Blues Band
Boy Blues Bar - at the Night Bazaar. Mondays at 9:30pm is open mic

Chiang Mai Cost Index

B60 Chiang beer
B250 1 hour drop-in yoga session
B200 one hour Thai body massage at WAYA Massage (highly recommended)
B50 noodle soup with meat
B50 coffee
B40 pad thai
B30/kilo wash-only laundry
B50/kilo wash+iron laundry
B100-150 dorm bed/night
B250 fan room/night
B30 internet cafe/hour
B170-190 Movies Sat-Sun and public holidays
B130-150 Movies weekdays
B100 Movies Wednesdays (movie discount day)
B750 1/2 day Thai cooking lessons
B900-1000 1 full day Thai cooking lessons
B400 Muay Thai boxing ticket
B2500 starting room rate at the luxury hotel, Nawa Sheeva (highly recommended)

Transportation

B450 bus, Chiang Mai to Bangkok
B160-180 bus, Chiang Mai to Pai
B1250 bus, Chiang Mai to Luang Prabang
B1650 slow boat, Chiang Mai to Luang Prabang
B210 bus, Chiang Mai to Chiang Rai, 3-4 hours
B360 Green VIP bus, Chiang Mai to Mae Sai (Thai border town for visa run to Tachileik, Myanmar)
B50 bicycle rental, 24 hours
B200 motorbike rental, 24 hours
B273 #51 sleeping train from Bangkok to Chiang Mai
B638 #7 a/c train from Bangkok to Chiang Mai
B50 red taxi fare from point to point
B100 red taxi fare from train terminal to city

Tours

B2000 full day elephant sanctuary
B750 Chiang Rai one-day tour
B1500 mountain biking scenic ride

How to Get to Chiang Mai from Bangkok by Train from Bang Sue Train Station

For more train info: Bangkok to Chiang Mai trains - departing from Hua Lamphong - MRT (Bangkok)

(I'm using Bang Sue as a starting point because I was closer to it, but you may be closer to the Hua Lamphong station)

take the MRT train to Bang Sue Station. Take the #1 Exit to the north provincial trains
Proceed to Counter 2. You will see an information booth, a train schedule chart and the ticket counter. Choose the train and pay at the ticket counter.
daily train schedule:
- 8:48am - #7 Train, arrive Chiang Mai 7:30pm, not sleeper, B638
- 2:06pm - #109 Train, arrive Chiang Mai 4:05am, sleeper
- 6:31pm - #9 Premium Train, arrive Chiang Mai 7:15am, sleeper, B938 upper deck, B1038 lower deck
- 7:56pm - #13 Train, arrive Chiang Mai 8:40am, sleeper, B768 upper deck, B838 lower deck
- 10:22pm - #51 Train, arrive Chiang Mai 12:10pm, sleeper, 3rd class B270 (non sleeper), 2nd class B438, B728 upper deck, B798 lower deck

Bus from Loei to Chiang Mai

From Loei town center, take a tuk-tuk ride to the bus station, B30. There is only one bus station.
As of June 28, 2020 (still on Covid schedule), there are only 3 night trips: 8:30pm, 9:30pm and 12 midnight. 9 hours, B470.
The bus makes the following stops at the following times from a 9pm Loei departure: Phu Ruea (9:50pm), Phitsanulok (12:40am), Uttradit (2:20am), Lampang (4:35am)
Final bus stop is at the Red Bus Arcade, Chiang Mai, 9 hour-trip, arriving 6am (from 9pm Loei departure).
Take a red songthaew to Old City, B50. They'll try to charge you B100, but they'll take B50 (just assure the driver you won't tell the other passengers).

Chiangmai Blogs by TheLoneRider

Learning the Thai Language Jan 9, 2021
2020: A Year in Review Dec 31, 2020
Reversing/Slowing Down the Aging Process Dec 30, 2020
Hike to Huay Keaw Waterfall Dec 20, 2020
Hiking to Wat Pha Lat along the Monk's Trail Dec 19, 2020
Are You Psycho? Dec 9, 2020
Muffin Man Dec 8, 2020
Polyamory Dec 4, 2020
The Wim Hof Ice Bath Dec 3, 2020
RSVP Nov 25, 2020
High Intensity Interval Yoga (Yoga + HIIT) Nov 14, 2020
Cleansing the Nadis (Energy Pathway) Nov 13, 2020
Yoga for a 360-degree Core Nov 6, 2020
Edward Witten: 'the smartest living physicist' Nov 4, 2020
Srinivasa Ramanujan: Mathematician of the Divine Oct 27, 2020
Bashar as Channeled by Darryl Anka Oct 26, 2020
Vinyasa Krama and Ashtanga Yoga with Aida Yoga Oct 18, 2020
Deepak Chopra: author, lecturer, healer Oct 12, 2020
Chiang Mai Peoplescape Aug-Sep 2020 Sep 30, 2020
Siddhis (yogic super powers) Sep 30, 2020
Learning the Import/Export Trade Sep 4, 2020
Music and Magic at Justin's Birthday Bash Sep 3, 2020
Biggest Stone in his Shoe Sep 1, 2020
Abandoned Aug 25, 2020
Intelligent Romantic Break-up Aug 25, 2020
Dad-Zoned Aug 18, 2020
Public Display of Affection Aug 9, 2020
Gabriella's Birthday Bash at Mothership Resort Aug 8-9, 2020
Shifting Peoplescape of Chiang Mai July 31, 2020
Yoga Class for Strength and Muscle Jul 30, 2020
Yoga Class for Optimum Digestion July 29, 2020
Yoga Class for Healthy Eyes Jul 27, 2020
Hippie Night at Nawa Saraan Healing Space July 24, 2020
The Podcast Series: Alan "Heart Math" Strydom Jul 17, 2020
Yoga Class to move Prana Vayu (energy) July 11-12, 2020
Coming Back to Chiang Mai Jun 29, 2020
Goodbye Chiang Mai Jan 23, 2020
Prasnopanishad: Understanding Prana Jan 17, 2020
Hiking the Monk's Trail Jan 15, 2020
Chaturanga Jan 10, 2020
You Spooned Me Jan 3, 2020
2019: A Year in Review Dec 31, 2019
Friends, Coffeemates and Breadmates (Dec 2019) Dec 31, 2019
Visiting Mae Sot Dec 27-30, 2019
Let's Make it About You - an Epiphany Dec 17, 2019
Shut-Up! Dec 7, 2019
Roasted Red Bell Pepper Puree Dec 3, 2019
Coffeemates and Breadmates (Nov 2019) Nov 30, 2019
Bhujangini Mudra Nov 25, 2019
Mathangini Mudra Nov 24, 2019
Kaka Mudra Nov 23, 2019
Pasini Mudra Nov 20, 2019
Aswini Mudra Nov 18, 2019
Sambhavi Mudra Nov 16, 2019
Manduka Mudra Nov 15, 2019
Tataka Mudra Nov 14, 2019
Sakti Calana Mudra Nov 10, 2019
Vajroli Mudra Nov 9, 2019
Coffeemates and Breadmates (Oct 2019) Oct to Nov 5, 2019
Yoni Mudra Nov 1, 2019
Viparita Karani Mudra Oct 31, 2019
Khecari Mudra Oct 30, 2019
Mahadeva Mudra Oct 28, 2019
Sacred Cacao - Chakra Dance Journey Oct 26, 2019
Partner Healing with Natascha Oct 24, 2019
Maha Bandha Mudra Oct 24, 2019
Point-Of-Failure Birthday Workout Oct 22, 2019
Mula Bandha Mudra Oct 21, 2019
Hugfest at Thapae Gate, Chiang Mai Oct 19, 2019
Anushasan Mudra Oct 18, 2019
Ling Mudra Oct 17, 2019
Jalandhara Bandha Mudra Oct 15, 2019
Learning Thai with Cee Oct 13, 2019
Uddiyana Bandha Mudra Oct 10, 2019
Nabho Mudra Oct 9, 2019
Maha Mudra Oct 7, 2019
20 Essential Mudras by T. Krishnamacharya Oct. 6, 2019
Mindfulness Gong Bath by Vee (Veerayuth Pongsiri) Oct 3, 2019
Cuddle Party by Abundant Love CM Oct 1, 2019
Vayu Mudra Oct 1, 2019
Visa-Run to Tachileik, Myanmar Sep 28, 2019
Sankalpa Mudra Sep 27, 2019
Surya Pradarshini Mudra Sep 26, 2019
Eye-Gazing at Heart Space Sep 20, 2019
Prana Vayu (Pranic Wind) Sep 20, 2019
2-Week Yoga Challenge by Agnese Erba Sep 17, 2019
The Mudra Project Sep 13, 2019
Sunday Vinyasa Flow with Marina Forster Sep 8, 2019
Shamanic Breathwork by Rachel Constantino Sep 4, 2019
The Conscious Peoplescape of Chiang Mai Aug 31, 2019
Of Winos and Yogis Aug 26, 2019
The 9 Jhanas of Buddha Aug 22, 2019
Full Moon Ceremony at Heart Space Aug 15, 2019
Yin Yoga - Water Element by Martina Barabas Aug 15, 2019
Hatha Mix Yoga with Christin Aug 13, 2019
Boy Blues Bar Rocks Chiang Mai Aug 5, 2019
Back to my Beloved Chiang Mai Aug 1, 2019
Kaleidoscope of Chiang Mai's Peoplescape July 27, 2019
Secret Sunrise: Nelson Mandela International Day July 17, 2019
Farewell Picnic with Alan and Nicola July 15, 2019
Secret Sunrise: Water July 3, 2019
Hotel Review: Arun Suite June 27, 2019
Bruce Lipton: Epigentics to Transcend Genes June 24, 2019
Optimizing Life thru Heart Math May 8, 15 and 22, 2019
Connective Cacao and Sound Journey June 12, 2019
Chiangmai BLUES June 6, 2019
Hatha Slow Flow with Neil Jefferson June 3, 2019
Meditating with One Million Meditators Movement June 1, 2019
Vinyasa Happy Flow Series by Vaida May 31, 2019
Muay Thai at the Chiang Mai Boxing Stadium May 30, 2019
Yoga Flow Through the 7 Chakras by Sabrina Pilz May 30, 2019
The Outsiders (people you need to push out of your sacred circle) May 31, 2019
Fascinating Peoplescape of Chiang Mai May 22, 2019
World Meditation Day at Heart Space May 21, 2019
Abs Yoga by Gigit May 12, 2019
Kundalini and Vinyasa Yoga with Nicola Symons May 10, 2019
Secret Sunrise Interactive Dance May 9, 2019
Tok Sen Massage from Ying May 8, 2019
Bruschetta: Nawa Saraan Style Apr 22, 2019
Thai Cooking at Pra Nang Thai Cookery School Apr 20, 2019
Bonding with the Elephants in Chiang Mai Apr 11, 2019
Ziplining in Chiang Mai with Eagle Track Zipline Apr 10, 2019
Getting Thai Massage from Chiang Mai's Best (Lar Thanakrit Khamtanong) Mar 21, 2019
Being the Soul of Nawa Saraan Hotel Mar 18, 2019
Peoplescape of Chiang Mai Jan 24 - Mar 13, 2019
Curing Cancer with Yoga? Feb 21, 2019
International Training Massage School (ITM): Level 1 Feb 11-15, 2019
Sandesch Album Launch by Christoph Joerg Feb 13, 2019
Meditation in a Sensory Deprivation Tank at Float Chiang Mai Jan 29, 2019
Reiki Share at the Mastermind Brain Spa Jan 26, 2019
Resuming Life in Chiang Mai Jan 24, 2019
4 Days in Chiang Mai at Nawa Saraan Hotel Jan 2-6, 2019
Mike Chong Aug 8, 2018
An Intimate Conversation with my Universe in Chiang Mai Aug 8, 2018
Kneaded and Pampered at Zira Spa Aug 4, 2018
Savoring a Baht 3,500 Birds Nest Soup at Natural Bird Nest by Burapa Aug 3, 2018
Yoga Exploration at The Yoga Tree with Gernot Aug 1, 2018
Laughter Yoga with Saffiya Arnous July 31, 2018
Yoga with Adam at Hidden House Yoga, Chiang Mai July 29, 2018
2 Weeks in Chiang Mai July 25 - Aug 7, 2018
A First Timer in Chiang Mai Apr 9-23, 2016
Chiang Mai's Amazing Peoplescape Apr 9-23, 2016
Dance Mandala in Chiang Mai at The Yoga Tree Apr 19, 2016
Songkran Waterfight Festival in Chiang Mai Apr 13-15, 2016
Border Crossing from Siem Reap (Cambodia) to Bangkok (Thailand) to Chiang Mai April 9-10, 2016

Travel Tips for Thailand

How to Get a 60-Day Thai Tourist Visa and then Extend by another 30 Days

60-Day Thai Tourist Visa

NOTE: There is no need to go back to your country to get the Thai tourist visa. Any major city with a Thai Embassy will do. Apparently there is also no need to have an invitation from a Thai establishment to justify the visa.

Bring the following to the Thai embassy:
a) proof of money (bank statement will suffice)
b) flight booking to Thailand
c) onward flight back to your country from Thailand
d) filled-in tourist visa form
e) 2 passport pictures
f) hotel booking in Thailand (they didn't ask me for this but better be safe)
g) passport with at least 6 months validity
After handing over all the documents, they will ask you to come pick your passport with the visa the following day from 4 to 5pm. That's it!
NOTE: after 2 successful attempts, I was already questioned the 3rd time.

30-Day Extension

NOTE: When your 60-day visa is close to expiry and you want to extend your stay. No need to leave Thailand.

bring the following to the Immigration Office:
a) passport (make sure your Tourist Visa hasn't expired yet)
b) Baht 1900
c) photocopy of your passport + visa duration date stamp + TM6 card (white immigration card) and sign all the copies
d) completed TM7 visa extension form (available at the Immigration Office)
e) one 4cmx6cm passport picture
submit the above to the Front Desk. They will give you a stub with your number on it. Take a seat and wait for your number to be called
when your number is called, your picture will be taken. Then go back to your seat. They will call you again.
when they call you again, they'll give you your passport with your extended visa. That's it!
when there are no lines, the whole process can take only 10 minutes

General Travel Tips

arrive early - in case there is a snag (visa snag, documentation snag, transport ticket snag, etc.), you will have ample time to troubleshoot the problem if you arrive early (to the airport, to the bus terminal, etc.)
put detailed itinerary on the Calendar apps of your smart-phone according to timelines - this is where you do all your thinking and planning. Once written down, you don't have to think anymore while you are on the journey...you just follow the steps. This frees your mind for something else that might happen while you are already en route
avoiding scams - as a general rule, I ignore the touts or anyone I don't know who call out to me. The calling comes in many forms - "Hi! Where are you from?", "Excuse me! Excuse me!", "Where are you going?". I don't look them in the eye and I remain non-verbal with them. If you reply to them, you just gave them an 'in' to hound you. In order not to look rude, I smile and wave the 'not interested' hand to them, without looking at them.
power bank - hand-carry your power bank. Do not check it in. You can be called in when you are already inside the plane to go all the way to the loading dock so you can personally remove the power bank...and chances are, you'll have to surrender it to them. And you might delay the plane departure!

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